INTERNAL
— Introduction to Energy Storage Solutions
Alex Goodson, 05 MAY 2023
— Agenda
→ The future of energy → Introduction to Energy Storage → ELDS Packaging and Solutions Portfolio
The future of energy
— Megatrends: The 3D’s for the Grid
DECENTRALIZED ON-SITE GENERATION
DECARBONIZED LIMIT GLOBAL WARMING
DIGITIZED SMART IS NEW GREEN
Making customers active elements of the system, though it requires coordination Key factors: • Grid stability - Loss of grid inertia and generation often not aligned with demand • Microgrids with renewables integration • Demand response programs and ancillary services
Critical to long-term carbon goals with more renewable penetration and electrification of the transportation Key factors: • Renewable generation/integration • Electric vehicles charging optimization • Vehicle to grid/home, smart charging
Allowing real-time automated communication and operation of the system Key factors: • Network technologies (smart meters, remote control and operation, cloud management,..) • Behind the meter (IoT, optimization and aggregation platforms, machine learning...) • Cybersecurity of paramount importance
Introduction to Energy Storage
— Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) What is BESS?
BESS sample picture
What are Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)?
A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), is the industry’s generic reference name for a collection of equipment that comprise a system to store energy in batteries and use the energy later when it is advantageous.
A typical system is comprised of batteries, a battery management system, an inverter, switchgear, transformer, protection and a control system.
Often renewable energy sources are combined with a BESS to store the renewable energy during peak production time and then the energy is used when it is needed.
— Types of technologies used for energy storage
Energy storage landscape
Lithium-Ion batteries main strengths
One battery does not work for all applications. Lithium-ion is a very versatile product family with many various chemistries.
Their benefits such as higher energy density and power efficiency, superior cycle-life, and longer calendar life make this technology one of the most interesting for various industries, in particular for Energy Storage Solutions.
Main lithium-ion batteries used for BESS are the Lithium iron phospate (LFP) and the Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC).
— Energy storage solutions Value proposition and applications
Applications
Value propositions
- Facilitate integration of renewables - Leverage time of day generation pricing - Support EV penetration with smart charging management and synchronization - Increase distributed generation - Provide back-up functionality to ensure power availability in case of grid outage - Reduce dependency on diesel generators and CO2 emissions - Generate revenue through participation in wholesale energy markets - Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill
– Energy shifting – Peak shaving – Frequency regulation, reserve and response
– Capacity firming – Spinning reserve
May also be referred to as: – Synchronized charging for e-mobility – Renewable's integration – Voltage control – Islanding – Black start – Synthetic inertia dynamic response – Forming a microgrid
- Defer investment for grid upgrades - Ensure reliable operation of the grid - Provide power quality support
— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits
Energy shifting
Energy shifting involves storing electricity for use at a later, pre- specified time. Typically, these times are during periods of high demand on the grid. The stored energy is used to reduce the load on the grid while continuing to meet customer demands. In addition, energy shifting can be used to arbitrage electricity rates for C&I customers.
Benefits
- Facilitate integration of renewables - Leverage time of day generation pricing - Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill - Defer investment for grid upgrades - Provide power quality support
— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits
Peak shaving
Peak shaving is similar to energy shifting but is used for the purpose of reducing peak demand for economy of operation. Peak shaving installations are often owned by the electricity consumer, rather than by the utility. The goal is to avoid demand charges (power fees) and the installation of capacity to supply the peaks of a highly variable load.
Benefits
- Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill - Defer investment for grid upgrades - Provide power quality support
— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits
Frequency regulation, reserve and response
The energy storage system is charged or discharged in response to an increase or decrease, respectively, of grid frequency. This approach to frequency regulation (fast frequency response) is a particularly attractive option due to its rapid response time and emission-free operation.
Benefits
- Generate revenue through participation in wholesale energy markets
- Facilitate integration of renewables - Ensure reliable operation of the grid - Provide power quality support
— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits
Capacity firming
The variable, intermittent power output from a renewable power plant, such as wind or solar, can be maintained at a committed level for a period of time. The energy storage system smooths the output and controls the ramp rate (MW/min or kW/min) to eliminate rapid voltage and power swings on the electrical grid.
Benefit
- Facilitate integration of renewables - Increase distributed generation - Provide power quality support
— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits
Spinning reserve
Energy storage systems can respond within milliseconds and supply power to maintain network continuity while the back-up generator is started and brought online. This enables generators to work at optimum power output, without the need to keep idle capacity for spinning reserves. This eliminates the need to have back-up generators running idle. To provide effective spinning reserve, the Energy Storage is maintained at a level of charge ready to respond to a power failure.
Benefit
– Minimizes the impacts from power outages – Reduces need for generation sources to be online and ready to use (lower O&M costs as well as emissions) – Acts as a back-up power source
Energy Storage Portfolio
— Portfolio Applications
Cloud IoT - Monitoring - ABB Ability TM
SWITCHGEAR - Grid Connection - Islanding mode - Black-start
Upper Level Operator - SCADA
EV Charging - Peaking capacity - Synchornized charging
eStorage Flex
HMI - Local Monitoring
eStorage OS
Distributed Generation - Wind - Solar - Fuel Cells - Frequency regulation
Auxiliaries - A/C - Fire detection
and suppression
Loads - Peak-shaving - Back-up power
AC SWG - Protection
Transformer - Coupling
Batteries - BMS
DC SWG - Protection
PCS - Set-points
Diesel Generators - Diesel hybird optimization
EV Fleet - Fleet management - Peak Shaving
— eStorage Product Portfolio
FLEX Productized medium- scale storage with integrated grid connection equipment in ISO look (20ft, 40ft)
MAX Productized and scalable energy storage comprised of skidded grid connection equipment and ISO look energy storage
OS Standard or highly- customizable Energy Management System for the whole eStorage family
eStor
ABB Ability TM Platform Private Cloud Platform
Grid
Smart and Connected Products
* eStorage trade-mark process ongoing.
— eStorage Flex All integrated and productized Energy Storage
Plug-and-play : Provides all required batteries, power conversion, coupling transformer, safety features, cooling, and protection and controls. Factory tested : Factory built solution integrates comprehensive safety features that bring extensive quality control for the highest level of safety and reduce risk by over 90%
4
6
7
5
3
Pre-engineered : Designed with careful equipment selection, catering for a long lifespan in all
1
2
conditions including asset health and management for longest longevity
8
Digitally enabled : Critical power operations digitally controlled for fastest response time with embedded energy management algorythms and microgrid controller available
Battery Racks
AC Switchgear
5
1
Fire Suppresion
Transformer
6
2
HVAC
Power conversion
7
3
eStorage OS
DC Switchgear
8
4
— eStorage Flex 20 FACT SHEET
— eStorage Flex 40 FACT SHEET
— eStorage Flex 40 FACT SHEET
— eStorage Flex Reference case - Energy Storage to support EV charging
Block diagram of the Energy Storage
eStorage Flex-20 Integrated Energy Storage
– 10 × eStorage Flex-20 with 500 kW / 500 kWh power for several sites within Europe and the UK – Peak shaving application for an EV charging infrastructure – Solution complying with EN50549-1-2 2019
ABB CSS ABB UniPack-G Compact Secondary Substation featuring the ABB EVSS site controller and low-voltage distribution
HP Chargers ABB Terra HP chargers up to 350 kW DC, cloud connected
HPC1
Power Data
~
=
Energy Storage System
SoC
Energy Storage ABB eStorage Flex-20 featuring ABB eStorage OS, cloud connected
HPC2
EMS
~
=
— eStorage Max From modular solution design to real installation
Battery enclosure
Step-up Transformer on skid
2
2
1
MV Switchgear on skid
1
2
2
Bi-directional Inverters on skid
Battery enclosure
Alternative designs
— eStorage Max Reference case 20MW/20MWh – Frequency Regulation
Single Line Diagram
BOM
▪ Modular design to meet the customer requirement
▪ Pre-engineered solution reduce engineering time
ESM
Block type (Skid + eHouse 40ft)
#1
Application
Frequency Regulation
eHouse
Main Tr.
Grid
Power
20MW at POI (grid connection point)
Energy
20MWh, 1C at POI
Dist. Transformer
3 winding, 13.8/0.69kV, 4.5MVA
#2
Main Transformer
13.8/230kV, 27MVA
Grid connection Voltage
230kV
HVAC
20RT
#6
Fire Fighting
NOVEC
— eStorage MAX – Plant Layout Reference case 20MW/20MWh – Frequency Regulation
1
1. Battery Enclosure 2. Converter Skid 3. eHouse 4. Power Transformer 5. HV Switchyard
2
3
4
5
— eStorage OS Variant 1
Secure connectivity to 3 rd party system/controller
eStorage Flex
eStorage OS
AC panel
CP600 Touch panel
AC500 EAU eStorage controller
Fieldbus connectivity with integrated monitoring and protection for external control.
.
DC panel
Energy meter
BMS
HVAC
Fire suppression system
PCS100 ESS
MNS (Emax2)
SafeRing (REF615 + RIO600)
— eStorage OS Variant 2
eStorage Flex
eStorage OS
AC panel
On-premise energy management system with integrated HMI and smart algorythms for optimal performance.
ZEE600
GPS Time server
DC panel
.
AC500 EAU eStorage controller
Energy meter
BMS
HVAC
PCS100 ESS
Fire suppression system
MNS (Emax2)
SafeRing (REF615+RIO600)
— eStorage OS Variant 3
Private Cloud/ Remote system
ABB Ability Cloud
eStorage Flex
eStorage OS
AC500 eCo Edge GW
Ability Edge GW
AC panel
On-premise energy management system with advanced cloud connectivity and microgrid possibilities.
ZEE600
GPS Time server
DC panel
.
AC500 EAU Central/unit microgrid controller
Energy meter
BMS
HVAC
PCS100 ESS
Fire suppression system
SafeRing (REF615+RIO600)
MNS (Emax2)
— eStorage OS Variant 4 - Microgrid
ABB Ability Cloud
3 rd party services
Customer Cloud
Asset, Energy, Fleet Management
Service Prognosis
Optimizer Load forecasting + Energy Optimization
ABB ZEE600 SCADA
Level 3 microgrid control (On-premises SCADA, optimization, Edge – Cloud connectivity)
Ability Edge GW
AC500 eCo Edge GW
Setpoints
Data transfer
Level 2 microgrid control (Process Controller for real-time power management, grid services) Level 1 microgrid monitoring and control (PLC/Process controller, Protection relays, metering, unit control for DERs)
AC800/AC500 central microgrid controller
Power generation setpoints
Data transfer
Auto Raise/Lower
Command execution
Relion
Inverters, Energy Storage PCS100/PCS120
AC500 unit microgrid controller
Governor/AVR
Tariff / energy meter
Emax2, Tmax XT, Ekip Up
Field commands
Measure
Asset/field equipment (DER, Grid, Power
Distribution, EV Infrastructure)
Power distribution
Fuel Cells
Solar
DG, GTG
HVAC
EV Charging
Utility grid
Wind
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