Introduction to Energy Storage Solutions

INTERNAL

— Introduction to Energy Storage Solutions

Alex Goodson, 05 MAY 2023

— Agenda

→ The future of energy → Introduction to Energy Storage → ELDS Packaging and Solutions Portfolio

The future of energy

— Megatrends: The 3D’s for the Grid

DECENTRALIZED ON-SITE GENERATION

DECARBONIZED LIMIT GLOBAL WARMING

DIGITIZED SMART IS NEW GREEN

Making customers active elements of the system, though it requires coordination Key factors: • Grid stability - Loss of grid inertia and generation often not aligned with demand • Microgrids with renewables integration • Demand response programs and ancillary services

Critical to long-term carbon goals with more renewable penetration and electrification of the transportation Key factors: • Renewable generation/integration • Electric vehicles charging optimization • Vehicle to grid/home, smart charging

Allowing real-time automated communication and operation of the system Key factors: • Network technologies (smart meters, remote control and operation, cloud management,..) • Behind the meter (IoT, optimization and aggregation platforms, machine learning...) • Cybersecurity of paramount importance

Introduction to Energy Storage

— Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) What is BESS?

BESS sample picture

What are Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)?

A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), is the industry’s generic reference name for a collection of equipment that comprise a system to store energy in batteries and use the energy later when it is advantageous.

A typical system is comprised of batteries, a battery management system, an inverter, switchgear, transformer, protection and a control system.

Often renewable energy sources are combined with a BESS to store the renewable energy during peak production time and then the energy is used when it is needed.

— Types of technologies used for energy storage

Energy storage landscape

Lithium-Ion batteries main strengths

One battery does not work for all applications. Lithium-ion is a very versatile product family with many various chemistries.

Their benefits such as higher energy density and power efficiency, superior cycle-life, and longer calendar life make this technology one of the most interesting for various industries, in particular for Energy Storage Solutions.

Main lithium-ion batteries used for BESS are the Lithium iron phospate (LFP) and the Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC).

— Energy storage solutions Value proposition and applications

Applications

Value propositions

- Facilitate integration of renewables - Leverage time of day generation pricing - Support EV penetration with smart charging management and synchronization - Increase distributed generation - Provide back-up functionality to ensure power availability in case of grid outage - Reduce dependency on diesel generators and CO2 emissions - Generate revenue through participation in wholesale energy markets - Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill

– Energy shifting – Peak shaving – Frequency regulation, reserve and response

– Capacity firming – Spinning reserve

May also be referred to as: – Synchronized charging for e-mobility – Renewable's integration – Voltage control – Islanding – Black start – Synthetic inertia dynamic response – Forming a microgrid

- Defer investment for grid upgrades - Ensure reliable operation of the grid - Provide power quality support

— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits

Energy shifting

Energy shifting involves storing electricity for use at a later, pre- specified time. Typically, these times are during periods of high demand on the grid. The stored energy is used to reduce the load on the grid while continuing to meet customer demands. In addition, energy shifting can be used to arbitrage electricity rates for C&I customers.

Benefits

- Facilitate integration of renewables - Leverage time of day generation pricing - Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill - Defer investment for grid upgrades - Provide power quality support

— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits

Peak shaving

Peak shaving is similar to energy shifting but is used for the purpose of reducing peak demand for economy of operation. Peak shaving installations are often owned by the electricity consumer, rather than by the utility. The goal is to avoid demand charges (power fees) and the installation of capacity to supply the peaks of a highly variable load.

Benefits

- Optimize electricity consumption to reduce electricity bill - Defer investment for grid upgrades - Provide power quality support

— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits

Frequency regulation, reserve and response

The energy storage system is charged or discharged in response to an increase or decrease, respectively, of grid frequency. This approach to frequency regulation (fast frequency response) is a particularly attractive option due to its rapid response time and emission-free operation.

Benefits

- Generate revenue through participation in wholesale energy markets

- Facilitate integration of renewables - Ensure reliable operation of the grid - Provide power quality support

— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits

Capacity firming

The variable, intermittent power output from a renewable power plant, such as wind or solar, can be maintained at a committed level for a period of time. The energy storage system smooths the output and controls the ramp rate (MW/min or kW/min) to eliminate rapid voltage and power swings on the electrical grid.

Benefit

- Facilitate integration of renewables - Increase distributed generation - Provide power quality support

— Energy Storage Solutions Applications and benefits

Spinning reserve

Energy storage systems can respond within milliseconds and supply power to maintain network continuity while the back-up generator is started and brought online. This enables generators to work at optimum power output, without the need to keep idle capacity for spinning reserves. This eliminates the need to have back-up generators running idle. To provide effective spinning reserve, the Energy Storage is maintained at a level of charge ready to respond to a power failure.

Benefit

– Minimizes the impacts from power outages – Reduces need for generation sources to be online and ready to use (lower O&M costs as well as emissions) – Acts as a back-up power source

Energy Storage Portfolio

— Portfolio Applications

Cloud IoT - Monitoring - ABB Ability TM

SWITCHGEAR - Grid Connection - Islanding mode - Black-start

Upper Level Operator - SCADA

EV Charging - Peaking capacity - Synchornized charging

eStorage Flex

HMI - Local Monitoring

eStorage OS

Distributed Generation - Wind - Solar - Fuel Cells - Frequency regulation

Auxiliaries - A/C - Fire detection

and suppression

Loads - Peak-shaving - Back-up power

AC SWG - Protection

Transformer - Coupling

Batteries - BMS

DC SWG - Protection

PCS - Set-points

Diesel Generators - Diesel hybird optimization

EV Fleet - Fleet management - Peak Shaving

— eStorage Product Portfolio

FLEX Productized medium- scale storage with integrated grid connection equipment in ISO look (20ft, 40ft)

MAX Productized and scalable energy storage comprised of skidded grid connection equipment and ISO look energy storage

OS Standard or highly- customizable Energy Management System for the whole eStorage family

eStor

ABB Ability TM Platform Private Cloud Platform

Grid

Smart and Connected Products

* eStorage trade-mark process ongoing.

— eStorage Flex All integrated and productized Energy Storage

Plug-and-play : Provides all required batteries, power conversion, coupling transformer, safety features, cooling, and protection and controls. Factory tested : Factory built solution integrates comprehensive safety features that bring extensive quality control for the highest level of safety and reduce risk by over 90%

4

6

7

5

3

Pre-engineered : Designed with careful equipment selection, catering for a long lifespan in all

1

2

conditions including asset health and management for longest longevity

8

Digitally enabled : Critical power operations digitally controlled for fastest response time with embedded energy management algorythms and microgrid controller available

Battery Racks

AC Switchgear

5

1

Fire Suppresion

Transformer

6

2

HVAC

Power conversion

7

3

eStorage OS

DC Switchgear

8

4

— eStorage Flex 20 FACT SHEET

— eStorage Flex 40 FACT SHEET

— eStorage Flex 40 FACT SHEET

— eStorage Flex Reference case - Energy Storage to support EV charging

Block diagram of the Energy Storage

eStorage Flex-20 Integrated Energy Storage

– 10 × eStorage Flex-20 with 500 kW / 500 kWh power for several sites within Europe and the UK – Peak shaving application for an EV charging infrastructure – Solution complying with EN50549-1-2 2019

ABB CSS ABB UniPack-G Compact Secondary Substation featuring the ABB EVSS site controller and low-voltage distribution

HP Chargers ABB Terra HP chargers up to 350 kW DC, cloud connected

HPC1

Power Data

~

=

Energy Storage System

SoC

Energy Storage ABB eStorage Flex-20 featuring ABB eStorage OS, cloud connected

HPC2

EMS

~

=

— eStorage Max From modular solution design to real installation

Battery enclosure

Step-up Transformer on skid

2

2

1

MV Switchgear on skid

1

2

2

Bi-directional Inverters on skid

Battery enclosure

Alternative designs

— eStorage Max Reference case 20MW/20MWh – Frequency Regulation

Single Line Diagram

BOM

▪ Modular design to meet the customer requirement

▪ Pre-engineered solution reduce engineering time

ESM

Block type (Skid + eHouse 40ft)

#1

Application

Frequency Regulation

eHouse

Main Tr.

Grid

Power

20MW at POI (grid connection point)

Energy

20MWh, 1C at POI

Dist. Transformer

3 winding, 13.8/0.69kV, 4.5MVA

#2

Main Transformer

13.8/230kV, 27MVA

Grid connection Voltage

230kV

HVAC

20RT

#6

Fire Fighting

NOVEC

— eStorage MAX – Plant Layout Reference case 20MW/20MWh – Frequency Regulation

1

1. Battery Enclosure 2. Converter Skid 3. eHouse 4. Power Transformer 5. HV Switchyard

2

3

4

5

— eStorage OS Variant 1

Secure connectivity to 3 rd party system/controller

eStorage Flex

eStorage OS

AC panel

CP600 Touch panel

AC500 EAU eStorage controller

Fieldbus connectivity with integrated monitoring and protection for external control.

.

DC panel

Energy meter

BMS

HVAC

Fire suppression system

PCS100 ESS

MNS (Emax2)

SafeRing (REF615 + RIO600)

— eStorage OS Variant 2

eStorage Flex

eStorage OS

AC panel

On-premise energy management system with integrated HMI and smart algorythms for optimal performance.

ZEE600

GPS Time server

DC panel

.

AC500 EAU eStorage controller

Energy meter

BMS

HVAC

PCS100 ESS

Fire suppression system

MNS (Emax2)

SafeRing (REF615+RIO600)

— eStorage OS Variant 3

Private Cloud/ Remote system

ABB Ability Cloud

eStorage Flex

eStorage OS

AC500 eCo Edge GW

Ability Edge GW

AC panel

On-premise energy management system with advanced cloud connectivity and microgrid possibilities.

ZEE600

GPS Time server

DC panel

.

AC500 EAU Central/unit microgrid controller

Energy meter

BMS

HVAC

PCS100 ESS

Fire suppression system

SafeRing (REF615+RIO600)

MNS (Emax2)

— eStorage OS Variant 4 - Microgrid

ABB Ability Cloud

3 rd party services

Customer Cloud

Asset, Energy, Fleet Management

Service Prognosis

Optimizer Load forecasting + Energy Optimization

ABB ZEE600 SCADA

Level 3 microgrid control (On-premises SCADA, optimization, Edge – Cloud connectivity)

Ability Edge GW

AC500 eCo Edge GW

Setpoints

Data transfer

Level 2 microgrid control (Process Controller for real-time power management, grid services) Level 1 microgrid monitoring and control (PLC/Process controller, Protection relays, metering, unit control for DERs)

AC800/AC500 central microgrid controller

Power generation setpoints

Data transfer

Auto Raise/Lower

Command execution

Relion

Inverters, Energy Storage PCS100/PCS120

AC500 unit microgrid controller

Governor/AVR

Tariff / energy meter

Emax2, Tmax XT, Ekip Up

Field commands

Measure

Asset/field equipment (DER, Grid, Power

Distribution, EV Infrastructure)

Power distribution

Fuel Cells

Solar

DG, GTG

HVAC

EV Charging

Utility grid

Wind

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